About the MoviesThis document provides a brief overview for the movies contained on the QuickTime 2.0 Beta CD. There are points of interest as well as details on how the movies were made.The movies are grouped into Animation, MPEG, Music, Text, TimeCode, and Video. Unlike previous QuickTime CD’s, there are movies that will not play on every machine. The ability for a particular system to play a movie well depends on three characteristics of the playback system: CPU performance, Display Card performance, and I/O bandwidth. These characteristics put limitations on the dimensions, frame rate, audio quality, and content of movies. The content of a movie determines how the picture changes from frame to frame (“talking heads” are easier than a shot which zooms in on a detailed object).a) The CPU performance impacts how much time it takes to decompress the frames of a movie. CPU performance depends on the type of CPU (030, 040, PowerPC) as well as its clock rate (33MHz, 66MHz, 80MHz).b) A display card’s performance determines how quickly pixels can be displayed on the screen. The two main catagories of display cards are on-board video and NuBus video. Video cards using the NuBus interface are limited by the bandwidth of NuBus and the hardware implementation of the card. There are fast NuBus display cards and slow NuBus display cards. On-board video means that the CPU can access the display card memory directly and therefore very quickly. For our purposes, Macintoshes with Processor Direct Slot (PDS) display cards are considered to have on-board video. On-board display cards have much higher performance than NuBus display cards.One must also consider the color depth setting of the display card. A display set to Millions of Colors requires four times as much data to be written to the display as when it is set to 256 Colors.c) I/O bandwidth limits the data rate of a movie. Single-speed CD-ROM drives, such as the Apple CD-150, provide 150K/sec throughput. Double-speed CD-ROM drives, such as the Apple CD-300, provide 300K/sec throughput. The I/O bandwidth of a CD-ROM drive depends on the speed at which the disc spins as well as its firmware, internal buffers, and driver software. For example, there are triple-speed CD-ROM drives that provide less than 300K/sec throughput. By considering CPU performance, Display Card performance, and I/O bandwidth, we can catagorize movies and machines in order to predict what movies will play well on which machines. There are classes of machines and types of movies. Each type of movie requires different performance characteristics. 12 fps140K/sec240x1801x size 12 fps140K/sec240x1802x size 15 fps150K/sec320x2401x size 15 fps150K/sec320x2402x size 30 fsp300K/sec320x2401x size 30 fps300K/sec320x2402x size Class A: Color Classic Mac LC Macintosh IIfx/32-bit† 4 3 § Class B: Macintosh IIfx/8-bit† 4 4 4 4 Class C: Mac LC475 Quadra xxx Centris xxx PowerMac 6100 4 4 4 4 4 Class D: PowerMac 7100 PowerMac 8100 4 4 4 4 4 4 † NuBus Display Card§ 2x size with Hardware doublingThe machines listed above are guidelines and you need to map your hardware into the above chart. Note that the 300K/sec data rates require a double-speed CD-ROM drive.As always, movies made at a the specific frame rate, data rate, and size, will have trouble playing if the rate at which the pixels change from frame-to-frame (the pixel-rate) is high.VideoThe Video folder contains QuickTime movies compressed at different frame rates and data rates. In General the 30fps movies were compressed at 300K/sec; the 15fps movies were compressed at 150K/sec; the 12fps movies were compressed at 140K/sec. Except for “For All Mankind Excerpt” (which uses 22K stereo surround sound), all the movies use 22K mono-sound (previous QuickTime CD’s generally used only 11K mono-sound). The video movies are all compressed using the Cinepak compressor.The video movies were created using the following technique. For the capture machine, we used a Quadra 950 with a Radius VideoVision Studio card and a fast SCSI Hard Disk connected to a SCSI PDS slot card. Adobe Premiere was used to capture the video using the VideoVision compressor at 3.0 MBytes/sec data rate. Then the movies were recompressed to JPEG using ConvertToMovie. Once the movies where in JPEG form, the files were made available on the network using file sharing. Then we compressed the movies on Power Macintoshes using ConvertToMovie accessing the JPEG movies over the network. We recompressed to JPEG so we could recompress the movies to Cinepak on any machine (Besides, we’re too cheap to put VideoVision boards into all of our machines).A Lovely Beverage:One challenging part of this movie is when the feet are walking away on the wooden floor. The data rate is high through this portion. There are a few dropped frames in the original movie which you may notice during playback.The Interview:This movie is a challenge due to the short scene cuts and the video noise in the footage of the interviewers. Video noise causes lots of pixels to change even though objects within the scene don’t move.Long Way Down:This is a very cool video, check it out.Long Way Down II:The original footage is a black-and-white video. We compressed the movie using Cinepak gray. This reduced the performance requirements of the movie so we could keep the frame rate at 30-fps and reduce the data rate to 150K/sec. The best way to view this movie is to set your display to 256 grays. You will notice a couple of sound drop outs. These were in the original source tape.For All Mankind excerpt:The audio for this movie is in stereo surround sound.Assimilation: Besides having lots of short scene cuts and fades, Assimilation has 3 fly-by scenes with very high data and pixel rates. These are the scenes when the square with Joanne’s face flies through and when you move backwards down many twisting, turning hallways.Sunrise:These movies are spatially large at 488 x 240. Note that the 15fps movie is twice as long as the 30fps movie. The 15fps movie simply references the 30fps movie but defines each frame as lasting twice as long.Empire:The Empire movie is difficult in the leader when the “upd” logo flies over the canyon. The pixel rate is really high here. Two other places are when the rebels first come onto the scene in front of the detention center and when the rebel disables the field generator.There are a few dropped frames in the original movie which you may notice during playback.Jim’s Kids:The movies in this folder are deceptively difficult. Notice the color shifts in the background when large objects move in the foreground. This phenomenon occurs on consumer camcorders which constantly adjust their color balance (even when white-balance is on non-auto). The result is that the colors are constantly changing in the background and the background does not frame-difference well. Also, the couch and pictures have a lot of detail which also interferes with the compression ratio. These factors make the data rate and pixel rate unusually high.An additional challenge with the Dancing and Spinning movies is that a Music track is also playing. This performance hit limits the machines that can play these movies well. AnimationThe Animation folder has two movies of a short animation. Both were compressed at 30 fps using the Animation compressor, which is lossless. The “hard” version has every pixel changing in every frame at the end of the movie and the data rate goes above 600K/sec (when the four background colors fade up). You have to copy the “hard” version to your hard disk in order to play it.MusicThe Music folder contains music pieces from Catherine Charlton and Peter Hoddie. The music was captured using a midi-keyboard and music composition software on the Macintosh. After a piece was captured, it was saved as a general-MIDI file before being converted to a QuickTime movie.In the folder Catherine’s Pieces, there are two folders containing QuickTime Music Movies and QuickTime Sound Movies (digital audio). The Sound Movies are recordings from a performance of some of the music in the Music Movies folder. These were captured from a cassette tape made at the performance. Unfortunately the original recording was distorted. Notice the tremendous size difference between the Sound Movies and the Music Movies. In the folder Peter’s Music files, there are two folders of music movies. The movies in these folders were created with separate instruments for the different voices in the music. QuickTime allows you to change the instruments of a music movie. The music movies in the Normal Instruments folder use typical instruments for the pieces. The music movies in the Odd Instruments folder uses very different instruments. You can experiment with the instrumentation of a music track using MoviePlayer. Use the “Get Info” menu item to bring up the movie info window. Choose the music track using the left pop-up menu and choose instruments using the right pop-up menu. Now you can double-click on an instrument which brings up the Change Instrument dialog. Try it and have fun.The More Music Movies folder contains music movies with animations. La Chasse and µEMI Bach Fugue have video tracks. µEMI Bach Invention 1 has a single frame video track and a text track which scrolls in front. µEMI Bach Invention 2 has a single frame video track.The music movies exploit an interesting QuickTime feature. Check the copyright notice of these movies (use Show Copyright… from the Movie menu). The image in the copyright notice comes from the movie’s Poster frame. The Poster uses a video track which is not enabled for movie playback or movie preview. This allows you to specify a unique image as the Poster. The copyright notice displays the Poster for the movie.MPEGThe MPEG folder contains two MPEG compressed movies. In order to view these movies, you must have MPEG hardware and the appropriate QuickTime Component from the hardware vendor.There are two MPEG streams in this folder. The GTE.mpg file is a standard MPEG system stream file. You can open this from within MoviePlayer (or any QuickTime playing application). The GTE Movie file is a QuickTime movie which references the GTE.mpg file.The other MPEG movie file is Testimonials, which contains the MPEG system stream. It is not an MPEG system stream file. There are three additional movies which reference Testimonials. These movies add Music and Text to the MPEG movie. The data for the Music and Text is stored in these movies. The MPEG stream was added to these movies using the Add command in MoviePlayer. Then the movies were trimmed since only the beginning of the Testimonials movie was annotated.Notice that one can reference MPEG stream files or embed them inside QuickTime movies. Using QuickTime, you can make MPEG more interesting by adding other media types. For example, by adding Text, not only can you annotate a movie, you can make it searchable (check out the “Find” command in MoviePlayer).TextThe text movies contain the text data and reference the movies in the Video folder. QuickTime now provides the ability to pre-render a text track to improve playback performance. This is most noticable for anti-aliased text and text tracks with transparency. The pre-rendered (or Burnt) text is saved in the Text track along with the original text. After pre-rendering, the text is still searchable and the text highlights properly. Check this out using the Find command in MoviePlayer.The text was added to the movies using the following technique. We used SimpleText to create the text. Then a piece of text was copied on the clipboard and added to the Movie using MoviePlayer’s Add command (Opt-Cmd-V). This step creates a text track at the bottom of the movie. Once there is a text track in a movie, you can add text to it using the Text Replace from the Movie info window. To get to this feature, you must hold the control key down while launching MoviePlayer. This enables the “authoring” features of MoviePlayer. Open the movie and open the Movie Info window using the Get Movie Info menu command. Use the pop-up menu on the left to select the text track. Use the pop-up menu on the right to select “Text Replacement”. “Text Replacement” will only appear if the Drag Manager is installed (Macintosh Drag and Drop is in the Extensions folder on the CD).Typically, the first thing to do is select the entire movie and then press the Clear Selection button. This will make sure the text track is visible for the entire movie and has no text samples lurking around.Using a drag manager aware text editor (in our case SimpleText), enter the text you want in your movie. From within MoviePlayer, use the movie controller to select the portion of the movie associated with the text. Now, from within SimpleText , select the text and drag it over the “Drag Text Here” area of the Movie Info dialog. When the box around “Drag Text Here” highlights, release the mouse. The text is added to the selection of movie. Using the above technique, all the text for a track has the same style information (font, size, etc.). To change the text style for the entire track, within SimpleText, select any random text with the new style you want. Drag and drop that text onto the “Drag Style Here” area of the Movie Info Window. This will set the default style for the text track and adjust the height of the track to accomodate the new style.Another interesting thing to do with the drag manager is to drag and drop a movie with text from MoviePlayer onto SimpleText. This will paste the text contained in the movie into the SimpleText document." ◊# ˇ ˇˇˇˇ # ◊